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Location: |
Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia |
Geographic coordinates: |
26 00 N, 50 33 E |
Map references: |
Middle East |
Area: |
total: 665 sq km land: 665 sq km water: 0 sq km |
Area - comparative: |
3.5 times the size of Washington, DC |
Land boundaries: |
0 km |
Coastline: |
161 km |
Maritime claims: |
territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined |
Climate: |
arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
Terrain: |
mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment |
Elevation extremes: |
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m |
Natural resources: |
oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls |
Land use: |
arable land: 2.82% permanent crops: 5.63% other: 91.55% (2005) |
Irrigated land: |
40 sq km (2003) |
Total renewable water resources: |
0.1 cu km (1997) |
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural): |
total: 0.3 cu km/yr (40%/3%/57%) per capita: 411 cu m/yr (2000) |
Natural hazards: |
periodic droughts; dust storms |
Environment - current issues: |
desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources (groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs) |
Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
Geography - note: |
close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean |
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